Human Species
This is a description of type of human (Homo) species existed on earth throughout history1):
Homo Sapiens
Our own species where Sapiens means The Wise. Origin of Sapiens is still unknown but it is well accepted that around 150k years, we were wide spread in East-Africa. The recently known example of ancient_tribes of Sapiens is Ache people from Paraguay, South America. The oldest fossil found from these tribes is around 9000 years old.
Homo Neanderthalensis
This species is our closest ancestor who roam on earth–Europe and Western Asia–till 200k 2) years ago. They were found in Neander valley in Germany, and thats how they got their name. Nearnderthal were assumed to be barbarians with no culture, which was challenged by many including Ralph Solecki by his findings in Shanidar Caves: an archaelogical site in Kurdistan region of modern day Iraq.
The time-span of Neanderthal's existence is way more bigger than ours and yet it is unclear why did they disappear. There are two theories: interbreed and dominating, that describe the possible reason of their appearance.
Homo Erectus
Also known as Upright Man who existed in eastern Asia for 2 million years–longer than any other human species.
Homo Solensis
The remains of this species were found on the island of Java, Indonesia near Solo river. Thus also known as 'The Man of Solo Valley'. This species adapated to live in tropical environment.
Homo Floresiensis
Another amazing species found in Indonesia but on another island known as 'The island of Flores'. This species underwent dwarfing with maximum height of 3.5 feet. This was explained using rising sea level which disconnected this island, resulting scares food sources. Big ones couldn't get enough food and died from malnourishment. Small bodies were well suited for survival here, so over generation became dwarf3).
Another interesting fact about this island is existance of dwarf elephants at similar time as Homo floresienis.
Homoe Densiova
This species (only fossilised finger) was found in Siberian cave known as Denisova.
Homo Ergaster
Species from East-Africa that is also known as 'Working Man'. This name is derived due to their ability to use tools. The fossils were discoverd in Lake Turkana, Keyna that indicate the time of their existence was 1.7-1.4 million years ago.
Homo Rudoflensis
Another species from East-Africa that was found in lake Rudolf (aka Lake Turkana), Kenya. The fossil was around two million years old.