So-called laws in biology, to be specific, in ecogeography. There are many exceptions for these laws but somehow calling them laws is a common norm.
- Allen's Law: The species adapt the shape according to the environment—larger surface area maximise the heat loss in warmer climate while smaller surface area minimises the heat loss in colder region. This law consider size of appendages(ear, tails, limbs etc.) which help to control the surface area of the organism.
- Bergmann's Rule: This rule accounts for the surface-to-volume ratio of an organism. Species from a common ancestor/lineage are observed to be of different size in different environment; larger size species are found in colder environment while smaller size is found in warmer regions.
- Gloger's Rule: The color of individuals depend on their environment; those living in warm and humid regions have darker tone in compared to the ones living in cold and dry regions. This is observed in many species including arctic hare and humans.
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