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Human Species
This is a description of type of human (Homo) species existed on earth throughout history1):
Homo Sapiens
Our own species where Sapiens means The Wise. Origin of Sapiens is still unknown but it is well accepted that around 150k years, we were wide spread in East-Africa.
Homo Neanderthalensis
This species is our closest ancestor who roam on earth–Europe and Western Asia–till 200k 2) years ago. They were found in Neander valley in Germany, and thats how they got their name. Nearnderthal were assumed to be barbarians with no culture, which was challenged by many including Ralph Solecki by his findings in Shanidar Caves: an archaelogical site in Kurdistan region of modern day Iraq.
The time-span of Neanderthal's existence is way more bigger than ours and yet it is unclear why did they disappear. There are two theories: interbreed and dominating, that describe the possible reason of their appearance.
Homo Rudoflensis
East Africa
Homo Erectus
Also known as Upright Man who existed in eastern Asia for 2 million years–longer than any other human species.
Homo Solensis
The remains of this species were found on the island of Java, Indonesia near Solo river. Thus also known as 'The Man of Solo Valley'. This species adapated to live in tropical environment.